History proves that amputation is one of the oldest forms of surgical procedures. According to an Oxford University study, "the burden of pain after amputation is therefore considerable..."
Phantom Limb Pain
According to the Mayo Clinic, phantom limb pain feels like it's coming from a body part that is no longer there. Experts now recognize these sensations originate in the spinal cord and brain.
Treatment: Mirror Box device, Acupuncture, Spinal cord stimulation
Medications: OTC pain relievers, Antidepressants, Anticonvulsants, Codeine/Morphine
Stump Pain
Result of decreased blood flow in the residual limb. Up to 90% of amputees report recovery, while 10-15% may experience lingering pain.
Treatment: Ultrasound, Biofeedback, Relaxation techniques, Massage, TENS
Medications: Beta-blockers, Muscle relaxers, Anti-inflammatory
Mechanical Pain
Related to other post-amputation pains, mechanical pain usually decreases within a few months.
Treatment: NSAIDs, Physical therapy (in rare cases)